Monday, June 19, 2023

Headed Home

Note to the reader: Thank you for joining me on my journey to share my father's journey! New posts to the blog here appear at the top of the main page, pushing the previous posts down below. Please be sure to check out the earlier posts and work your way up to the top. 

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Wrapping Up

Dad clowning around for the camera and accentuating his large “schnozzole."

And the war was over. 

Though the last diary entry was 22 May 1945 — two weeks after the official end of the war in Europe — Dad didn't return home to Chicago until six months later, on 19 November 1945, to be discharged five days after that. I seem to recall Dad telling me that he spent a considerable amount of the time after the war's end in France — maybe Paris? — waiting for his “points," however, my memory of that conversation is vague.

 

From the discharge record of James V. Gasbarro.

Accumulating points took quite a while, apparently. To the best of my understanding, the roll call for points came once a week (I don't know for sure, just an assumption I made in order for the following that Dad shared to make sense to me), and Dad and one of his buddies had made plans — were the next roll call to exclude them again — to requisition a jeep to load up and drive to Italy so Dad could visit his parents' home town of Castel di Sangro and the maternal grandmother he had never met. When the next roll call didn't include their names, they put their plan into effect, only to be stopped by one of their sergeants.

“Gasbarro! Where the hell are you going?" the sergeant said, according to Dad's telling.

“We're going to Italy!" Dad told him of their plans. 

“No you're not! You're going home!"

“But my name wasn't called," Dad said. 

He and the sergeant argued the point for a few seconds until the sergeant said, “Come with me!" They walked to the tent where the lists were maintained and the sergeant pulled out the clipboard from that day's points roll. He flipped through the pages a couple of times, swearing that he had seen Dad's name that morning. Then he squeezed the clamp at the top of the clipboard to release the pages and thumbed through them again. There, at the top of one of the pages, he found dad's name, which had been hidden under the clip in that day's list! Dad went home and never did meet his grandmother.

Where the Winds of War Blew

Some 80 years ago, James V. Gasbarro began a nearly three-year journey that took him from his mother's humble home in Chicago Heights, Illinois, to Texas, New Mexico, California, New York, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Germany. I have tried — according to the journal transcript he gave me — to replicate his journey as closely as possible in just three weeks (two, if we disregard my pauses in Paris and the Mosel Valley in Germany), minus the pressures of shooting planes out of the sky and being shelled and shot at in various locations!

The map below is a rough amalgam of routes likely traveled by the 129th AAA to the places listed in the journal transcript, and the routes Stephanie and I traveled to visit the same places. The vagaries of Google's “My Maps" app has rendered any of the routes inaccurate, as we sometimes ventured off the fastest routes in favor of the more direct, while Google defaults to the fastest. I adjusted the routes shown on the map for more direct routes and excluded my and Stephanie's extraneous travels (Dieppe, Paris, etc.) but after the frustration of the user-unfriendly map app, who knows!

Dad's War Journey: Three years and approximately 2,500 miles through Great Britain and Europe. (This, of course, does not include training in the US prior to deploying or the travels to return home afterward.)


Dad, like most old soldiers who had seen battle in the war, rarely spoke of the actual combat in which he had engaged, but, when he did, he spoke little and humbly. He shared with me stories of idle times in England prior to the invasion, when he and his buddies would count the bombers taking off for missions in the skies over France and Germany, and then see the return of drastically fewer planes — many of them battered and broken and barely flying. He spoke of the sight and smell of dead human bodies and the unspeakable things humans will do to other humans in the belief of a cause, things at which the movies made throughout the intervening decades glorifying the war never even hinted. He spoke more freely and often of the odd things that brought him joy or laughter — sometimes only in hindsight — despite the danger of war, things like standing for a routine exam for venereal diseases, his pants around his ankles, and smart-mouthing the medic who was examining his privates, which earned him a punch in the nose; helping the Civitareale family in Differdange, Luxembourg, and the lifelong friendship it spawned. 

And the story of how he eventually decided to become a barber:

 

To follow in one's footsteps usually means to take up one's career or legacy and carry it on. I never did any of those things where my father is concerned; I'm not a barber, I'm the last person you want as a handy-man, I'm a lousy bowler, and I am not a decorated combat veteran. But if it means honoring a father's memory in ways beyond simply retracing his path through a place where war once raged, by living a life that keeps his name respectable, and — though I am not perfect — trying to be a good and honorable man, then maybe I have done that just a little.


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Thursday, June 15, 2023

End of the Road

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The Last Plane

Nuremberg, Germany, shortly after capture in 1945.



Eltersdorf
Eltersdorf is a sector of Erlangen, itself a northern component of the metropolitan area of Nürnberg. Erlangen was captured by the US Army VII Corps on 16 APR 1945, and troops moved into the garrison area that had been home to German military troops for more than 75 years. The garrison remained occupied by American soldiers through the period of occupation and then as a US Army base until its closure in 1993.

The 129th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Gun Battalion (Mobile) arrived six days after the town was captured by the Army, but apparently didn't engage any aircraft during their time there.


A tranquil morning in Eltersdorf, Germany.

Kornburg
Nuremberg, the second largest city in Bavaria and the spiritual home of the Nazi party, fell to the allies on 20 April 1945 after 5 days of intense urban combat. The 129th was sent to this southern suburb of Nuremberg four days after the city was captured, but, in four days of covering the crossing of the Danube River, they apparently saw no activity.




Kornburg has a modest memorial to her boys lost in both global wars their country instigated. Some may feel their remembrance does not deserve to be honored here, but they were sons, brothers, husbands, fathers, and uncles whose lives were snuffed out in a war they could not escape, so they are honored here.

Marthweg
Our diarist recorded “Martheim" in his journal, however I was unable to find such a place anywhere in Germany, let alone in the Nuremberg area. I was able to find Marthweg, which, apparently is just the name of a street. I took no photos here, but “Marthweg" was huge to the 129th as at this location they shot down what turned out to be their final target aircraft, capturing the crew of the downed plane as well, perhaps symbolizing for them the sum of the war: Germany is captured, defeated.

Bamberg*
Having no military or industrial significance (no bases, no airfields, no munitions or war materiel plants), Bamberg was left largely unscathed by Allied bombing in the run-up to the invasion of the country. It is not to say the city remained entirely unscathed, as American troops encountered resistance as they approached and entered.

Basically relieved of anti-aircraft duties, the 129th was assigned to the processing of Allied prisoners of war in a “RAMP (Released Allied Military Prisoners) Camp as well as patrolling the city, as Bamberg is where they were on 8 May 1945, the official end of hostilities in the European Theater of Operations, when the partying and carousing of elated GIs was likely at a fever pitch.

I was unable to find any information about the explosion mentioned in the diary .

*The photos of Bamberg posted here were taken on 14 June 2023 as we visited the city out of the order listed in the diary for logistical reasons; a lot of time and ground to cover backtracking up and down.





Aiglsbach
Just prior to the end of the hostilities, Aiglsbach had been beset by American artillery because a German army SS unit was billeted in the town. There was apparently no other military action upon the arrival of Allied ground units.



The war dead of Aiglsbach honored in the town square.

The 129th was sent to Aiglsbach two weeks after the end of the war for what basically looks like “make-work" duties. In other words, just give the soldiers stuff to do to keep them occupied and out of trouble. Dad tried to explain the “Points" system once, but it never made sense to me. All I know is that once a soldier accumulated a certain number of points he was allowed to ship back home, and that his points were always foremost on his mind.



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Wednesday, June 14, 2023

Onward, through Germany

Note to the reader: Thank you for joining me on my journey to share my father's journey! New posts to the blog here appear at the top of the main page, pushing the previous posts down below. Please be sure to check out the earlier posts and work your way up to the top.

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A German Messerschmitt 262, the world's first operational jet aircraft.

 On Germany's Tail

 

 

Planig is a suburb of Bad Kreuznach, an ancient Roman town renown for its salt spas. Bad Kreuznach was the target of heavy allied bombing in 1944 which resulted in the town being all but flattened, with most of its historical features destroyed. 

 Dad often told me this story about the sighting of the Me 262, how, on one cold morning he had stepped away from the trucks and trailers to relieve himself — they had lined all the trucks up in a file the night before...something they were not supposed to do — and, as he was trained to do in all moments, idle and otherwise, he scanned the skies in front of him. He saw an unfamiliar silhouette approaching; it looked like a plane, but it made no noise, at least not a noise he recognized — no engine rumble or propeller buzz — and then something fell from its underside and began tumbling toward the ground ...and him! He realized it was a bomb, and he turned and ran toward his fighting position next to his truck, shouting to the others about the incoming ordinance, and he dived head first into the foxhole just as the bomb hit the ground about 300 yards away and exploded, rattling him around the hole for a few seconds. He never mentioned an ensuing battle with many planes destroyed or comrades killed, just that he was among just a few young men to first set eyes on the Luftwaffe's secret aircraft. 

Fortunately for the Allies, Hitler kept changing his mind about the use of his new weapon, whether to use it as a fighter or a bomber that could outmaneuver and outrun the fastest Allied fighter planes and, when he finally did decide (bomber), it was too late in the war, too far into Germany's destruction by the Allies, to be effective.

(After Germany’s surrender, Bad Kreuznach was the location of one of the “Rhine Meadow Camps,” where German prisoners were held in horrendous conditions with no shelter and barely any food, some until as late as 1948, resulting in the deaths of thousands from starvation and disease. Certainly a blemish on the United States Army's World War II record and a dark spot in our nation's history.
Rhine Meadow Camps)

Above and below: views of Planig, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.


 

Above and below: Geinsheim, Germany


 

Combat Studies Institute - study of Rhine River crossings during WWII — CSI Battlebook 19-A — Page 40, Anti-Aircraft Artillery units mentioned, generally, as instrumental in repelling intensified attacks by German aircraft sent up by surprised, disorganized remnants of disparate German Army units.

WWII Chronology - A decent summary of ALL major actions of the US Army, including the movement of VIII corps and XII corps, one of which was over the 129th AAA Gun Battalion. There is mention of several towns in the area of Germany where I was stationed, including Lautzenhausen, the town that sits beside the Frankfurt-Hahn Regional Airport, formerly Hahn Airbase.

Mainz-Kostheim
German cities that lie across a river from each other often go by two names. Hence, Kostheim is usually named with its sister city across the Rhine River, and they are together referred to as Mainz-Kostheim. However, Kostheim is administered as a district of the larger city of Wiesbaden, on the same side of the river. Mainz-Kostheim was bombed heavily throughout 1944 as the Allies prepared to cross the English Channel and as they approached the city. Approximately 80% of the city was destroyed by the time the United States Third army arrived, and the German army units there fled to the east, abandoning the city without a fight on 22 March 1945.

Kostheim is a very busy little section of the city, and we passed the sign entering the town thinking we could catch the one on the other end of town for the photo, but we apparently didn't go straight through Kostheim, and we never saw another sign for it. No real photos, just this lame attempt...


Binsfeld
Driving from Mainz-Kostheim to Binsfeld, I couldn't help but wonder if the 129th was sent there, or if they just followed the lead armored and infantry units and just wound up there, because, in unfriendly territory, how the heck do you find a little town like Binsfeld?!



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Tuesday, June 13, 2023

Differdange

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A Sherman tank, knocked out of action in December 1944 during "The Battle of the Bulge," sits today in the central square of Bastogne, Belgium, in honorary defense of the city.

 A Dedicated Mission

After six weeks in Maastricht, the 129th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Gun Battalion (Mobile) were given a mission to defend a small city in Luxembourg.

Differdange, Luxembourg, had been occupied by the German Wehrmacht forces who utilized the city's numerous steel mills for their war-making efforts, no doubt subjecting the local population to slave labor in the plants. When the Wehrmacht fled the Allied advance, they uncharacteristically did not destroy the town in their wake. The Allies — in particular, the US Army — turned the steel mills' output to their own benefit, hopefully not subjecting the locals to dire conditions for their trouble. The 129th, among other anti-aircraft and infantry units, were positioned in and around the town to protect the mills.

"The Ardennes breakthrough" is what became known in World War II history as "The Battle of the Bulge," in which, on 16 December 1944, the Wehrmacht launched an attack out of the Ardennes Forest against a weak front between the US First Army and the US Third Army in the area of Bastogne, Belgium — approximately 40 miles north of Differdange — in an effort to push through to the port city of Antwerp, Belgium, to close the port there to the Allies' resupply and reinforcement missions. The battle to push the Germans back east into the Ardennes lasted five weeks. Dad's and the 129th AAA Gun Battalion's action, in addition to defending the skies around the Differdange, included support near Bastogne in the effort to squelch the Wehrmacht offensive out of the Ardennes.

During his time in the city, Dad met and befriended two sisters who happened to speak the same dialect of Italian — Abruzzese — that Dad could speak at the time, thanks to his mother and half of his hometown of Chicago Heights, Illinois, who had all immigrated from Castel di Sangro in central Italy. While this personal experience in Dad's time in Differdange did not affect the 129th's impact on the war, it is such a touching story that I cannot ignore it. However, rather than retell it here, I will suggest a visit to my other, older, practically defunct blog here, here, and here for the entire story.


Entering from the north.

Town center - Bastogne, Belgium.


The Differdange school property on which the HQ Battery, 129th AAA Gun Battalion (Mobile) was camped.

 

After five months in Differdange, Dad and the 129th leapt into Germany on the heels of the Wehrmacht


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Sunday, June 11, 2023

On the Road Again...

Note to the reader: Thank you for joining me on my journey to share my father's journey! New posts to the blog here appear at the top of the main page, pushing the previous posts down below. Please be sure to check out the earlier posts and work your way up to the top.

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Trek North


The 129th AAA Gun Battalion (Mobile) were sent nearly 250 miles north and well beyond six hours on the road to Chapet,  a suburb west of Paris, the city which had been liberated by French and American forces only six days before. As the German forces had fled eastward, Chapet was occupied by the Allies with no resistance. The battalion set up for anti-aircraft defense, but saw no action, and was even able to visit the Paris during this time.

A glimpse of Chapet, France.



 

A farm field in Chapet where the 129th AAA Gun Battalion likely set up and bivouacked for nine days, apparently seeing no action here, either.


Valenciennes city center.

The liberation of Belgium was conducted primarily by the UK and Canadian allied forces, who came up through France as well as from the sea after capturing the port at Antwerp. The liberation was swift, the operation beginning 2 SEP 1944, and the Belgian government returning to power  on 8 SEP. (The complete liberation, however, was not achieved until 4 FEB 1945, when the last German troops fled into Germany from Krewinkel, Belgium.)

From Valenciennes, Dad's unit was sent to Sint-Truiden, Belgium. The diary doesn't mention any action there, instead indicating they had moved on to Oupeye on 14 SEP 1944. The Allies captured the airfield in Sint-Truiden from German forces on 15 SEP 1944. As Oupeye is a short drive from Sint-Truiden, I would have assume the 129th AAA had provided some kind of support, but they saw no action there, either.

Sint-Truiden, Belgium

Oupeye, Belgium

A randomly chosen, potential site for an anti-aircraft battalion set-up in Oupeye, Belgium.

Maastricht

A mere 25 miles from Aachen, Germany, the city of Maastricht, in the Netherlands, was home to the 129th for six weeks during autumn of 1944. The battle for Aachen had begun around 12 SEP 1944, and the 129th was called to provide support for the advancing troops. Germany shifted their V-1 and V-2 attacks from London and the south of England to the port of Antwerp, Belgium, which had been seized in late August, as well as Maastricht. The V-1, basically a huge bomb with a pulse-jet engine and wings strapped to it, flew very loudly and had a fairly short range but with a tremendous impact when it fell to the ground, was relatively easy for AAA units to shoot down. The V-2 was the world's first ballistic missile, which was supersonic, highly accurate for its time, and nearly impossible to defend against as the Allies hadn't developed technology to fight it. The V-1 and V-2 were finally silenced by Allied forces overrunning the launch sites and manufacturing facilities from late 1944 through spring of 1945, only one month before Berlin fell.

The Battle of Aachen

Incredibly charming Maastricht

Footbridge over the Muese River.

A picture postcard ...or did I take that?!


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Monday, June 5, 2023

Long Road to Nantes

Note to the reader: Thank you for joining me on my journey to share my father's journey! New posts to the blog here appear at the top of the main page, pushing the previous posts down below. Please be sure to check out the earlier posts and work your way up to the top.

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Long Ride(s), Little Action

There are no diary entries between 13 and 23 August 1944, so I don't know if they had a 10-day break or if they were too busy for him to write. But by the 23rd, they were in La Loupe. Or was it Saint-Loup? In my research I found interesting information about La Loupe, but never even encountered the name Saint-Loup ... that is, until today, when I drove past a sign advertising a community festival there, filling my head with doubt. So, faced with the choices of turning back and visiting Saint-Loup just in case that's what our diarist meant, and just continuing on, I continued on, because Saint-Loup couldn't be as interesting to write about as La Loupe is.

Though a medium-small town in western France, it was on the mind and lips of many American soldiers throughout the summer and fall of 1944 as a stop along the Red Ball Express, the solution to the supply problems caused by General Patton's Third Army's rapid successes: they had the German forces on the run and were moving so fast they repeatedly outran their supply chain. The quartermasters devised this solution, a one way loop across France from Cherbourg to wherever the Third Army was on a given day and back, which engaged thousands of trucks and double the men to keep the supplies moving:

The Red Ball Express 

or, if you have an hour to kill, a very excellent video here:


But, of course, the 129th had nothing to do with the Red Ball Express, instead shooting at enemy aircraft whenever they appeared. Maybe they saw some trucks roll by. Who knows?

The approach from the northeast and (top) a panoramic of town center. I was disappointed that no one — at least that I saw — has opened a business in town called “Red Ball Express" anything. I would so do it!

Then they motored down to Nantes to prepare for engagement, but for nought. I imagine they were relieved nonetheless, despite their sore asses. I made the drive today from Avranches to La Loupe to Nantes, taking only the secondary (and less!) roads in order to recreate (possibly) their route, and it was quite long, fully seven hours, plus missed roundabout exits and lots of swearing. I've ridden in the beds of deuce-and-a-halfs (military 2-1/2 ton trucks), and the only comfortable seat is on another body ...and most guys don't take kindly to being sat upon! I can't imagine that ride in a speed-hindered lug of a truck.

And thus marks a several day pause in the trek, as Stephanie arrives in Paris tomorrow and we will spend the time taking in Paris in the spring. The blog will resume on or about 11 June. Play safe.

 

A taste of Nantes... 


 

 

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Sunday, June 4, 2023

The Falaise Pocket

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 Commendable Action


Avranches, France. The monument erected in 1954 in remembrance of General George S. Patton, commander of the US Third Army, which liberated much of western France and put the Nazis to flight.


Le Monte, La Monte, Les Montes... no variations of Le Monte exist in the area of St. Lô, so I went with the nearest similarly named town, La Monterie. (Other units' after-action reports I found online mention la Monterie, so I'm fairly certain this is what our diarist meant.) The sign reads, Chemin de la Monterie, or “the la Monterie path."

 

From the road, it looked like just a small, rural neighborhood — a commune, in the French culture. The top sign indicated that there's no outlet, so I chose not to engage in another episode of potential trespassing. Besides, the entrance was guarded by a couple quite beefy individuals who glared at me suspiciously...


Biff Le Bœuf and Vinny Vache give me the stink-eye.

Seriously, French cow puns aside, I did drive in to the commune, and it was just private dwellings, all appearing to have been built within the last 40 years or so. As the housing development is surrounded by farm fields, I would imagine that's all it was in 1944, or there was something else here that gave way to this housing in the meantime.

That said, Dad and the 129th did see action, here, in the effort to seal off the Mortain (or Falaise) Pocket:

The Mortain/Falaise Pocket

 An Unexpected Rest

The 129th was then dispatched to Avranche, captured two weeks earlier, to provide air defense against a counterattack.

The Fight For Avranches

However, instead, they got some much needed down time.

A fairly crappy photo of Mont-Saint-Michel, which is actually surrounded by water (google it for much better photos, but I didn't take those, so they don't count), but I wasn't going to pay for parking just to get a closer shot.


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Headed Home

Note to the reader: Thank you for joining me on my journey to share my father's journey! New posts to the blog here appear at the top o...